A quick-change vice base with improved structure, which comprises: a base body, a quick-change coupler, a moveable block set and a central bolt, wherein, the bottoms of the first moveable block and second moveable block are respectively locked with a moveable block positioning base, one end of the moveable block positioning base has a pushing block; when the lead screw rotates clockwise, the first moveable block and the second moveable block will move toward the quick-change coupler, so that the curved stopping blocks on the first moveable block and the second moveable block will be fitted into the recesses of the quick-change coupler; when the lead screw rotates anticlockwise, the first movable block and the second movable block will move away from the quick-change coupler and drive the moveable block positioning seat to move simultaneously.