Patent attributes
Modular battery packs are disclosed and can be used in different devices and systems, such as electric vehicles, electric aircrafts, and electric scooters. Each modular battery pack includes a trace unit to record information about the battery pack, which is transmitted to a distributed data management system. The distributed data management system maintains a unique record entry for each modular battery back, based on which the residual fair market value can be assessed. This evaluation system facilitates the reselling, renting, and/or exchanging of modular battery packs at an online platform and/or at a physical battery sale, rental, and/or swapping station. Modular battery packs may also be recycled from one application to another application. For example, when a modular battery pack from an electric vehicle is degraded to certain level, it may be recycled and used in an energy storage system or other systems having lower requirements for battery performances.