US Patent 12130781 Sparse files aware rolling checksum

A sparse files aware rolling checksum is provided by passing, in sequence, each byte of an archival file to a hash function; and in response to: detecting that a sequence of bytes from the archival file produce outputs from the hash function of zero, wherein a number of bytes in the sequence of bytes satisfies a chunk-end threshold, and determining that the sequence of bytes is located in a hole in the archival file of a greater number of bytes than the chunk-end threshold: designating a hole-chunk of the archival file that includes metadata for a location and a length of the hole in the archival file.