US Patent 12136726 Asymmetric anodes for lithium-based energy storage devices

An anode for use in an energy storage device is provided. The anode includes a current collector having an electrically conductive substrate and a surface layer overlaying a first side of the electrically conductive substrate. The surface layer may include a metal oxide or a metal chalcogenide. The anode may also include a lithium storage layer overlaying the surface layer. The lithium storage layer may have a total content of silicon, germanium, or a combination thereof of at least 40 atomic %. The lithium storage layer may include less than 10 atomic % carbon. The anode may also include a plurality of lithium storage filamentary structures in contact with a second side of the electrically conductive substrate. The second side is opposite the first side. The plurality of lithium storage filamentary structures may include silicon, germanium, tin, or a combination thereof.