US Patent 7184116 LCD having an alignment film comprising sintered carbon

To provide a liquid crystal device using carbon films capable of aligning liquid crystal molecules simultaneously with deposition, a manufacturing apparatus of the liquid crystal device, a manufacturing method of the liquid crystal device and a forming method of an alignment film. The liquid crystal device comprises: substrates 1a and 1b opposing to each other and including electrodes; an optical cell formed between the opposing electrodes; liquid crystal molecules 2 filled in the optical cell; carbon films 5a and 5b deposited adhered on a side of at least one of the substrates 1a and 1b, which is exposed to the liquid crystal molecules 2, in order to align the liquid crystal molecules 2.