US Patent 7310065 Undersampled microstrip array using multilevel and space-filling shaped elements

An undersampled microstrip array using multilevel and space-filling shaped patch elements based on a fractal geometry achieves within the same electrical area, the same directivity than can be obtained using conventional elements as square or circular-shaped patches. However, the number of elements for the fractal-based array is less, reducing the complexity of the feeding network and overall array. Mutual coupling can be reduced avoiding radiation pattern distortions. Higher gain than that obtained using classical patch elements within the same electrical can be achieved due to the less complexity in the feeding network.