US Patent 7458424 Tight formation water shut off method with silica gel

A delayed gelling system useful in conformance control in the production of petroleum from subterranean formations, especially low permeability formations, is disclosed. The gelling system comprises a basic silica sol, an activator comprising a hydroxyl donor, and an optional syneresis inhibitor. In the disclosed method of using the gelling system, the gelling system may be pumped into formations with excessive water and/or gas production and thermally activated in the formation at downhole conditions to form a hard gel to reduce water and/or gas production.