US Patent 7629903 Method and apparatus for generating non-binary balanced codes

A decoder comprises a grouping module that groups an input signal into a plurality of blocks and a plurality of permutation symbols, wherein the plurality of blocks include N symbols and wherein each of said N symbols has one of q symbol values, where q and N are integers greater than two. A permutation module inverse permutes a first block of the plurality of blocks based on one of the plurality of permutation symbols and generates a decoded output signal based on the permutation.