Patent 7653339 was granted and assigned to RICOH COMPANY,LTD. on January, 2010 by the United States Patent and Trademark Office.
A protective agent for forming a protective layer on the surface of an image carrier includes at least a hydrophilic organic compound and an amphiphilic organic compound at a ratio of 1/99 to 20/80. Preferably, the hydrophilic organic compound contains at least one selected from a polysaccharide and a polyether compound, or the amphiphilic organic compound contains a nonionic surfactant.