A hair and scalp covering shield in the form of a flexible bag 10 is shaped to firmly cover the hair and scalp of a person intended for exposure to a hair louse treatment routine. The inlet 14 to the bag 10 in fitted with an elastic band 16. The bag 12 is fitted with an aperture in the form of a hole 24 incorporating a non-return closure type facility 18 to enable the charging of agent to a treatment zone 26 formed within the bag 12 once in use. Treatment of hair lice is effected by starving the treatment zone 26 of oxygen in response to introducing oxygen deficient agent into the zone 26 once the bulk of air has been removed.