A cover locking structure (100) for portable electronic device includes a housing (20), a releasable member (30) and a cover (10). The housing includes an end wall (22) and an extending wall (26). The end wall defines an opening (222) defined therein. One end of the extending wall connects with the end wall. The extending wall has a locking hole (2642) defined therein. The releasable member is flexibly fixed on the housing and has a block (3242) formed thereon. The block corresponds to the locking hole of the extending wall. The cover has a hook (14) formed thereon. The hook is locked in the locking hole when the cover is assembled to the housing. The block of the releasable member pushes the hook out off the locking hole when the cover is to be detached from the housing.