US Patent 7838953 Magnetic memory cell and magnetic random access memory

A magnetic memory cell and a magnetic random access memory that are highly reliable and low-power consuming. An upper electrode having a connecting area smaller than the area of a ferromagnetic free layer of a magnetic memory cell is connected to the ferromagnetic free layer. A current is applied to produce an uneven magnetic field over the magnetic memory cell, whereby spin-transfer torque magnetization reversal can be realized with low current and at small write error rate.