US Patent 7936552 Systems and methods for immobilizing with change of impedance

An apparatus produces contractions in skeletal muscles of a target to impede locomotion by an animal or human target. The apparatus is used with at least one electrode for conducting a current through the target. The apparatus may be implemented as an electronic disabling device. The apparatus includes two circuits. The first circuit includes a transformer and a first capacitor. The second circuit includes a second capacitor and a secondary winding of the transformer. The second circuit is a series circuit with the electrode. In operation with the electrode, the transformer impresses a voltage on the electrode of greater magnitude than the first voltage, and the current is responsive to discharge of the first capacitor and discharge of the second capacitor.