US Patent 7982021 Nucleic acid molecules encoding emission ratiometric indicators of phosphoinositides

Nucleic acid molecules encoding emission ratiometric indicators of phosphoinositides, which comprise a fusion protein comprising a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of Akt (also known as protein kinase B) and a “pseudoligand” containing acidic amino acid residues, which is sandwiched between resonance energy transfer (RET) pairs, such as cyan and yellow mutants of GFP (a FRET pair). The nucleic acid molecules can be used, for example, to produce the indicators which can be used, inter alia, to monitor spatiotemporal dynamics of phosphoinositides and in high throughput assays for inhibitors of PI3K, including drug screening assays.