US Patent 8990817 Predicting outcome of operations of multi-tier applications

Various systems and methods for automated error recovery in workflows. For example, one method involves receiving an operation indication. The operation indication indicates an operation that is to be performed using a multi-tier application system that includes first and second applications. The first and second applications are implemented using different tiers of the multi-tier application system. The method involves accessing dependency information that indicates first data dependencies between the first and the second applications. The method further involves determining outcome of execution of the operation, where the determining is based on the dependency information but does not include executing the operation.