Patent attributes
An organic light-emitting element comprising: an anode; a cathode; banks; a functional layer between the anode and the cathode; and a hole injection layer between the anode and the functional layer. The functional layer includes one or more sublayers including a light-emitting sublayer defined by the banks and that contains an organic material. The hole injection layer comprises tungsten oxide, includes an occupied energy level that is approximately 1.8 electron volts to approximately 3.6 electron volts lower than a lowest energy level of a valence band of the hole injection layer in terms of a binding energy, has a surface facing the functional layer, and has a recessed structure such that a portion of the surface overlapping with the light-emitting sublayer is located closer to the anode than other portions. The recessed structure has a recessed portion whose inner surface is in contact with the functional layer.