US Patent 9859554 Negative electrode material for lithium-based batteries

A negative electrode material includes an active material. The active material includes a silicon core selected from the group consisting of Si, SiO2, SiOx (0<x<2), a silicon alloy, and a combination thereof. The active material also includes a hard carbon coating formed on the silicon core. The negative electrode material further includes a non-fluorinated binder. The negative electrode material also includes a conductive filler. The loading of the active material in the negative electrode material is greater than 2 mg/cm2.