Patent 9991492 was granted and assigned to California Institute of Technology on June, 2018 by the United States Patent and Trademark Office.
The disclosure provides electrochemical cells including a separator enclosure which encloses at least a portion of a positive or negative electrode. In an embodiment, the separator generates a contact force or pressure on at least a portion of the electrode which can improve the performance of the cell. The disclosure also provides methods for charging an electrochemical cell.