Юлия Непрокина

Allen added that the red flamingo has the longest tarsus. At the same time, the beaks of birds are almost identical in size.

Phoenicopterus are red-winged birds, but the only truly red member is the red flamingo. The pink flamingo is almost completely white, with pink feather tips as well as pink wing coverts and shoulder feathers. The Andean flamingo has rich carmine streaks on the underside of the neck, pink spots on the chest, and pink-red wing coverts and tertiary coverts. At the same time, all three representatives of the genus have a similar color of wing feathers, differing only in color intensity.

The flamingo genus includes the largest representatives of the family - red and pink flamingos. Although Allen believed that the pink flamingo is the largest, and the red one is only slightly inferior in size, modern scientists consider the Caribbean species to be the largest [source not specified 153 days]. The third representative - the Chilean flamingo - is inferior in size to the Andean flamingo of the genus short-beaked, but larger than the smallest representatives of the family - the James flamingo and the lesser flamingo.

The Eurasian eagle-owl is among the larger birds or owls, smaller than the golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), but larger than the snowy owl (Bubo scandiacus), despite some overlap in size with both species. It is sometimes referred to as the world's largest owl.

The male in breeding plumage has a black top of the head and a long crest with a greenish metallic sheen; the sides and back of the neck are whitish: the rest of the upper body is metallic green with purple and copper tints; the predominant color of the flight feathers is black; tail coverts are rufous; tail feathers are white with a wide black band before the end; face, front of the neck and goiter black with a bluish tint; the rest of the bottom is white, except for the red undertail; beak is black, legs are red. The crest of the female is shorter, the metallic sheen is weaker. In winter, the throat, front of the neck and crop are almost completely white.

Lapwing the size of a jackdaw or slightly smaller. It is easily distinguished from other shorebirds by its black and white coloration and blunt wings. Upper side with a strong metallic green, bronze and purple sheen; black chest; sides of the body, abdomen and sides of the head are white; tail coverts are rufous; the main half of the tail feathers, as in all species related to the lapwing, are pure white; on the head is a crest of very narrow long feathers. In the summer plumage, both the throat and goiter are black; in the winter, a large admixture of white feathers is noticeable here. The beak is black; dark brown eyes; crimson four-toed feet. Wing dimensions 21.5-23.75 cm.

Representatives of this phase are rusty-red above and white below, with dark transverse striping on both sides. There are no streaks on the back only in the lumbar region, which is a distinctive feature of the red morph of the common cuckoo from a similar morph of the deaf cuckoo, common in Siberia and the Far East.

Medium-sized cuckoo - comparable in length to a medium-sized rock dove, but more graceful build. The total length reaches 32-34 cm, wingspan 55-65 cm, weight up to 80-190 g]. In an adult male, the entire upper side of the body, including the head, is colored dark gray. The throat and goiter are also gray, but of a lighter ash color. The belly is white, with dark transverse stripes. Tail feathers with white ends and spots along the stems. The plumage coloration of females is of two types, the so-called morphs or phases. The most common of these morphs repeats the details of the plumage of the male in such a way that it is very difficult to distinguish between individuals of different sexes in the field; a specialist can see a brownish tint on the back and sometimes sparse buffy feathers on the throat and crop. The second type of coloration, on the contrary, makes the female completely different from the male.

The family includes birds that are similar to each other both in appearance and in lifestyle. They are small, with a body length of 10-20 cm, with a wingspan of 16-26 cm. Titmouses weigh from 7 to 48 grams.

The smallest member of the family is the fire-headed remez (Cephalopyrus flammiceps), with a body length of up to 10 cm and a weight of 7 g. The largest in the family is the Tibetan false jay (Pseudopodoces humilis) with a body size of 19-20 cm and a weight of 45-48 g .

True hawks (Accipiter) are a genus of predatory birds from the hawk family (Accipitridae). They are not too large for diurnal predators - even the largest representative of the genus, the goshawk, does not exceed 0.7 m in length and weighs about 1.5 kg. Another common species, the sparrow hawk, grows to only 0.3–0.4 m and weighs 0.4 kg.

The lower legs are usually feathered, but there are no feathers on the fingers and tarsus. The legs are powerful muscles. The wings are relatively short and blunt, the tail (wide and long) is usually rounded or straight cut. The color of the top in most species is darker than the bottom: these are gray or brown tones. The general light background of the lower part (white, yellowish or light ocher) is always diluted with transverse/longitudinal ripples.

The largest birds in their order: body length 130-180 cm, weight 7-14 kg. The appearance is very characteristic: a clumsy, massive body, large wings, short and thick legs with a wide membrane between the fingers, a short rounded tail. The neck is long. The beak is also long, up to 47 cm, with a hook at the end. On the underside of the beak is a highly extensible leather bag used for catching fish.

The plumage of pelicans is loose, loosely adjacent to the body. Feathers get wet quickly, and birds often “squeeze” them with their beaks. The color is light - white, grayish, often with a pink tint. Flight feathers are usually dark. The beak and bare areas of the “face” are brightly colored, especially during the mating season. Feathers on the back of the head often form a crest. Females are smaller and duller than males; young pelicans are painted in a dirty brown or gray color. The voice during nesting is a dull roar, the rest of the time pelicans are silent.

Seagulls are a fairly uniform group of birds whose members are well recognizable and sometimes difficult to distinguish from each other. Their characteristic features are a massive body, long curved wings of medium length. Beak from thin pointed to massive hooked. The tail is short, sometimes forked. The legs are shortened, with well-developed swimming membranes.

Seagulls vary in size from 25 to 81 cm, and weight from 100 g to 2 kg. The smallest representative of the family is the small gull (Larus minutus) - its weight is only 100-150 g, length from 27 cm, and a wingspan of approx. 70 cm. The largest is the sea gull (Larus marinus) - its weight can exceed 2 kg, length up to 79 cm, and wingspan up to 176 cm. However, most of them are large or medium-sized birds.

Historically, the term comes from the presence of a defensive fence around the settlement - a rampart or wall. In Ancient Russia, any large residential place surrounded by such a fence was called a city. Cities served as a center for the development of arts and crafts, technical achievements.

Growing, cities form urban agglomerations. Especially important for countries and continents are capitals, as well as million-plus cities or million-plus agglomerations (having a population of more than 1 million people), including megalopolises and global cities.

The study of the correct organization of the city is engaged in a special discipline - urban planning, which studies the laws and rules for the organization of cities. Urban planning was born in the bowels of architecture, but over time, cities became large, and their planning required additional knowledge - about hygiene, economics, ecology, transport, and much more.

Around the city, the Belgorod agglomeration was formed with a population of more than 0.5 million people. The city of the first salute. The first city in Russia to receive the title of "City of Military Glory".

The city arose on the site of the Seversky settlement (Romenskaya culture), located on a chalk mountain, near the confluence of the Vezelitsa River with the Seversky Donets. The Seversky settlement is a settlement of the Eastern Slavs (northerners), who came here no later than the 8th century. The dominance of the Alans tribes that flooded into these places from the south was replaced by the power of the warlike nomadic Khazars and Pechenegs. The settlement was probably destroyed at the beginning of the 10th century by nomadic Pechenegs.

The body length is 75-88 cm, the tail is rather short, the wings are wide, up to 2.4 m in span, the legs are feathered to the toes.

Distributed in Eurasia, Africa and North America from forest tundra to deserts.

They nest on the ground, rocks or trees. They feed on small and medium-sized vertebrates (they look out while hovering in the air, or lie in wait while sitting on an elevated place), sometimes on carrion. The number is declining. 1 subspecies in the IUCN Red List.

Kursk is first mentioned in the Life of Theodosius of the Caves (not earlier than 1032, when the Dnieper left bank came into the possession of Yaroslav the Wise). In this chronicle, Kursk is described as a large city with developed trade and a significant number of inhabitants; was part of Chernigov, then Pereyaslav and Novgorod-Seversk principalities. The first mention in the Laurentian Chronicle is under the year 1095. The year 1095 is also considered the year of the founding of the Kursk specific principality, which existed in the 11th-13th centuries.

The Voronezh fortress was built under the leadership of the first Voronezh governor Semyon Fedorovich Saburov. In April 1590, the fortress was set on fire by the Cherkasy. The city was almost completely destroyed. By 1594, Voronezh was "cut" (restored) anew.

The earliest settlements on the territory of the modern city are represented by the archaeological sites "Lipetsk settlement" in the hilly lowland of the Lipovka bend (Voronezh and Abashev culture of the 2nd millennium BC, Gorodets and Sarmatian culture of the 1st millennium AD, late Russian period) and " Lake Lipetsk" (slightly lower) in the floodplain of the Voronezh River (Neolithic, Eneolithic and Bronze Age, V-II millennium BC). Both monuments are now almost completely destroyed by buildings.

In the chronicles, the city with the name Lipovichsk was first mentioned in 1283-1284 in the context of events related to the struggle of Russia against the Mongol-Tatar yoke. In 1284, the city was completely destroyed by the Baskak Akhmat, and over the next few centuries there is no mention of it.

The first settler in these places is the hermit Joseph, who settled here in 1627. Other hermits began to flock to Joseph, who formed a community and built the Church of the Holy Trinity. In 1635 the community was renamed the Kozlovsky Trinity Monastery.

Kozlov was founded on the Kozlov tract by the sovereign decree of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich, dated September 5, 1635, as a fortified point (earth town) for the defense of Ryazan Ukraine, as well as Shatsk, Ryazha and Dankovsky places from the raids of the Crimean and Nogai Tatars.

The construction of the fortress, on the banks of the Lesnoy Voronezh River, near the Kozlovsky Trinity Monastery, was led by the governors I. Birkin (Burkin) and M. Speshnev.

The Ascension Monastery was founded in 1690 by Bishop Pitirim of Tambov and Kozlovsky on the northern outskirts of the city at the mouth of the Studenets and Gavryushka rivers. The first abbess of the monastery was Pitirim's sister Catherine.

During the secularization reform of 1764, they wanted to close the monastery, but this did not happen, because, as one of the researchers notes, “even then it was distinguished by its wonderful cell workshops, and ... lived exclusively by its own labor.” The Ascension Monastery received the status of a full-time third-class monastery with an allowance of 375 rubles.

In 1791-1798, a stone church of the Ascension of the Lord was built in the monastery with side chapels of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker and St. vmch. Catherine (architect Ivan Kruglikov). In 1816-1820, the Church of the Icon of the Mother of God "Joy of All Who Sorrow" was built.