A robot teaching system includes a hand guide unit including a stick for use in a teaching operation of a robot, and a wireless communication unit configured to communicate by radio with a teach pendant; a relative position setting unit configured to set relative position information between the hand guide unit and the robot; and a coordinate calculation unit configured to calculate, based on the relative position information, coordinates having as an origin a flange surface of the robot or a distal end point of a tool attached to the robot, in such a manner as to correspond to an operation direction of the stick.