A method for manufacturing a filter medium includes providing a computer-readable three-dimensional model of the filter medium including a plurality of segments, each segment of the three-dimensional model being configured to be converted into a plurality of slices that each define a cross-sectional layer of the filter medium, each segment including an undulating layer extending along a predetermined direction that is different than the predetermined direction of the undulating layer of the other segment; and successively forming each layer of the filter medium by additive manufacturing.